Update .gitignore

.gitignore

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+zig-out
+.zig-cache

base64/build.zig

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+const std = @import("std");
+
+// Although this function looks imperative, note that its job is to
+// declaratively construct a build graph that will be executed by an external
+// runner.
+pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
+    // Standard target options allows the person running `zig build` to choose
+    // what target to build for. Here we do not override the defaults, which
+    // means any target is allowed, and the default is native. Other options
+    // for restricting supported target set are available.
+    const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
+
+    // Standard optimization options allow the person running `zig build` to select
+    // between Debug, ReleaseSafe, ReleaseFast, and ReleaseSmall. Here we do not
+    // set a preferred release mode, allowing the user to decide how to optimize.
+    const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
+
+    // We will also create a module for our other entry point, 'main.zig'.
+    const exe_mod = b.createModule(.{
+        // `root_source_file` is the Zig "entry point" of the module. If a module
+        // only contains e.g. external object files, you can make this `null`.
+        // In this case the main source file is merely a path, however, in more
+        // complicated build scripts, this could be a generated file.
+        .root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
+        .target = target,
+        .optimize = optimize,
+    });
+
+    // This creates another `std.Build.Step.Compile`, but this one builds an executable
+    // rather than a static library.
+    const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
+        .name = "base64",
+        .root_module = exe_mod,
+    });
+
+    // This declares intent for the executable to be installed into the
+    // standard location when the user invokes the "install" step (the default
+    // step when running `zig build`).
+    b.installArtifact(exe);
+
+    // This *creates* a Run step in the build graph, to be executed when another
+    // step is evaluated that depends on it. The next line below will establish
+    // such a dependency.
+    const run_cmd = b.addRunArtifact(exe);
+
+    // By making the run step depend on the install step, it will be run from the
+    // installation directory rather than directly from within the cache directory.
+    // This is not necessary, however, if the application depends on other installed
+    // files, this ensures they will be present and in the expected location.
+    run_cmd.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
+
+    // This allows the user to pass arguments to the application in the build
+    // command itself, like this: `zig build run -- arg1 arg2 etc`
+    if (b.args) |args| {
+        run_cmd.addArgs(args);
+    }
+
+    // This creates a build step. It will be visible in the `zig build --help` menu,
+    // and can be selected like this: `zig build run`
+    // This will evaluate the `run` step rather than the default, which is "install".
+    const run_step = b.step("run", "Run the app");
+    run_step.dependOn(&run_cmd.step);
+
+    const exe_unit_tests = b.addTest(.{
+        .root_module = exe_mod,
+    });
+
+    const run_exe_unit_tests = b.addRunArtifact(exe_unit_tests);
+
+    // Similar to creating the run step earlier, this exposes a `test` step to
+    // the `zig build --help` menu, providing a way for the user to request
+    // running the unit tests.
+    const test_step = b.step("test", "Run unit tests");
+    test_step.dependOn(&run_exe_unit_tests.step);
+}

base64/build.zig.zon

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+.{
+    // This is the default name used by packages depending on this one. For
+    // example, when a user runs `zig fetch --save <url>`, this field is used
+    // as the key in the `dependencies` table. Although the user can choose a
+    // different name, most users will stick with this provided value.
+    //
+    // It is redundant to include "zig" in this name because it is already
+    // within the Zig package namespace.
+    .name = .base64,
+
+    // This is a [Semantic Version](https://semver.org/).
+    // In a future version of Zig it will be used for package deduplication.
+    .version = "0.0.0",
+
+    // Together with name, this represents a globally unique package
+    // identifier. This field is generated by the Zig toolchain when the
+    // package is first created, and then *never changes*. This allows
+    // unambiguous detection of one package being an updated version of
+    // another.
+    //
+    // When forking a Zig project, this id should be regenerated (delete the
+    // field and run `zig build`) if the upstream project is still maintained.
+    // Otherwise, the fork is *hostile*, attempting to take control over the
+    // original project's identity. Thus it is recommended to leave the comment
+    // on the following line intact, so that it shows up in code reviews that
+    // modify the field.
+    .fingerprint = 0xcf92327682ca7f6d, // Changing this has security and trust implications.
+
+    // Tracks the earliest Zig version that the package considers to be a
+    // supported use case.
+    .minimum_zig_version = "0.14.1",
+
+    // This field is optional.
+    // Each dependency must either provide a `url` and `hash`, or a `path`.
+    // `zig build --fetch` can be used to fetch all dependencies of a package, recursively.
+    // Once all dependencies are fetched, `zig build` no longer requires
+    // internet connectivity.
+    .dependencies = .{
+        // See `zig fetch --save <url>` for a command-line interface for adding dependencies.
+        //.example = .{
+        //    // When updating this field to a new URL, be sure to delete the corresponding
+        //    // `hash`, otherwise you are communicating that you expect to find the old hash at
+        //    // the new URL. If the contents of a URL change this will result in a hash mismatch
+        //    // which will prevent zig from using it.
+        //    .url = "https://example.com/foo.tar.gz",
+        //
+        //    // This is computed from the file contents of the directory of files that is
+        //    // obtained after fetching `url` and applying the inclusion rules given by
+        //    // `paths`.
+        //    //
+        //    // This field is the source of truth; packages do not come from a `url`; they
+        //    // come from a `hash`. `url` is just one of many possible mirrors for how to
+        //    // obtain a package matching this `hash`.
+        //    //
+        //    // Uses the [multihash](https://multiformats.io/multihash/) format.
+        //    .hash = "...",
+        //
+        //    // When this is provided, the package is found in a directory relative to the
+        //    // build root. In this case the package's hash is irrelevant and therefore not
+        //    // computed. This field and `url` are mutually exclusive.
+        //    .path = "foo",
+        //
+        //    // When this is set to `true`, a package is declared to be lazily
+        //    // fetched. This makes the dependency only get fetched if it is
+        //    // actually used.
+        //    .lazy = false,
+        //},
+    },
+
+    // Specifies the set of files and directories that are included in this package.
+    // Only files and directories listed here are included in the `hash` that
+    // is computed for this package. Only files listed here will remain on disk
+    // when using the zig package manager. As a rule of thumb, one should list
+    // files required for compilation plus any license(s).
+    // Paths are relative to the build root. Use the empty string (`""`) to refer to
+    // the build root itself.
+    // A directory listed here means that all files within, recursively, are included.
+    .paths = .{
+        "build.zig",
+        "build.zig.zon",
+        "src",
+        // For example...
+        //"LICENSE",
+        //"README.md",
+    },
+}

base64/src/base64.zig

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+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub const Base64 = struct {
+    _table: *const [64]u8,
+
+    pub fn init() Base64 {
+        const upper  = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+        const lower  = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+        const numsym = "0123456789+/";
+
+        return Base64 {
+            ._table = upper ++ lower ++ numsym,
+        };
+    }
+
+    pub fn encode(self: Base64, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, input: [] const u8) ![]u8 {
+        if (input.len == 0) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        const n_out   = try _calc_encode_length(input);
+        const out     = try allocator.alloc(u8, n_out);
+        var buf       = [3]u8{0, 0, 0};
+        var count: u8 = 0;
+        var iout: u64 = 0;
+
+        for (input, 0..) |_, i| {
+            buf[count] = input[i];
+            count += 1;
+            if (count == 3) {
+                out[iout] = self._char_at(buf[0] >> 2);
+                out[iout + 1] = self._char_at(((buf[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (buf[1] >> 4));
+                out[iout + 2] = self._char_at(((buf[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + (buf[2] >> 6));
+                out[iout + 3] = self._char_at(buf[2] & 0x3f);
+
+                iout += 4;
+                count = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (count == 1)  {
+            out[iout] = self._char_at(buf[0] >> 2);
+            out[iout + 1] = self._char_at((buf[0] & 0x03) << 4);
+            out[iout + 2] = '=';
+            out[iout + 3] = '=';
+        }
+
+        if (count == 2) {
+            out[iout] = self._char_at(buf[0] >> 2);
+            out[iout + 1] = self._char_at(((buf[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (buf[1] >> 4));
+            out[iout + 2] = self._char_at((buf[1] & 0x0f) << 2);
+            out[iout + 3] = '=';
+
+            iout += 4;
+        }
+
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    pub fn decode(self: Base64, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, input: [] const u8) ![]u8 {
+        if (input.len == 0) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        const n_out   = try _calc_decode_length(input);
+        const out     = try allocator.alloc(u8, n_out);
+        var buf       = [4]u8{0, 0, 0, 0};
+        var count: u8 = 0;
+        var iout: u64 = 0;
+
+        for (input, 0..) |_, i| {
+            buf[count] = self._char_index(input[i]);
+            count += 1;
+            if (count == 4) {
+                out[iout] = (buf[0] << 2) + (buf[1] >> 4);
+                if (buf[2] != 64) {
+                    out[iout + 1] = (buf[1] << 4) + (buf[2] >> 2);
+                }
+                if (buf[3] != 64) {
+                    out[iout + 2] = (buf[2] << 6) + buf[3];
+                }
+
+                iout += 3;
+                count = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    fn _char_at(self: Base64, index: usize) u8 {
+        return self._table[index];
+    }
+
+    fn _char_index(self: Base64, char: u8) u8 {
+        if (char == '=') {
+            return 64;
+        }
+
+        var index: u8 = 0;
+        for (0..63) |i| {
+            if (self._char_at(i) == char) {
+                break;
+            }
+            index += 1;
+        }
+
+        return index;
+    }
+
+    fn _calc_encode_length(input: [] const u8) !usize {
+        if (input.len < 3) {
+            return 4;
+        }
+
+        const n_groups = try std.math.divCeil(usize, input.len, 3);
+
+        return n_groups * 4;
+    }
+
+    fn _calc_decode_length(input: [] const u8) !usize {
+        if (input.len < 4) {
+            return 3;
+        }
+
+        const n_groups = try std.math.divFloor(usize, input.len, 4);
+
+        var groups: usize = n_groups * 3;
+        var i: usize = input.len - 1;
+        while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {
+            if (input[i] == '=') {
+                groups -= 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return groups;
+    }
+};

base64/src/main.zig

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+const std = @import("std");
+const Base64 = @import("base64.zig").Base64;
+
+pub fn main() !void {
+    const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
+    var memory_buffer: [1000]u8 = undefined;
+    var fba = std.heap.FixedBufferAllocator.init(
+        &memory_buffer
+    );
+    const allocator = fba.allocator();
+
+    const text = "Testing some more stuff";
+    const etext = "VGVzdGluZyBzb21lIG1vcmUgc3R1ZmY=";
+    const base64 = Base64.init();
+    const encoded_text = try base64.encode(allocator, text);
+    const decoded_text = try base64.decode(allocator, etext);
+    try stdout.print("Encoded text: {s}\n", .{encoded_text});
+    try stdout.print("Decoded text: {s}\n", .{decoded_text});
+}