Reformat

Reviewed-on: #2

	* Set up for debugging
	* Replace get_barycentric_coords with different calculation
	* Update commented lines
	* Add V3_ELEM_COUNT macro
	* Change loop in barycentric coordinates calculation function
	* Update debug values
	* Simplify barycentric coordinates function
	* Remove debug lines
Co-authored-by: Abdelrahman <said.abdelrahman89@gmail.com>
Co-committed-by: Abdelrahman <said.abdelrahman89@gmail.com>

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 .cache
 compile_commands.json
-tiny
+/tiny
 *.pam
+resources/*.png
+.venv
+*.py

README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 # tinyrenderer
 
 Following along the [tinyrenderer](https://github.com/ssloy/tinyrenderer/wiki) lessons
+
+### Result so far
+![Screenshot of 3D render of a male head](output.png)

compile

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 CC=clang
 WAPP_INCLUDE="$(find intern/wapp/src -type d | xargs -I{} echo -n "-I{} ")"
 WAPP_SRC="$(find intern/wapp/src -type f -name "*.c" | xargs -I{} echo -n "{} ")"
-CFLAGS="-g -Isrc $WAPP_INCLUDE"
+TINYRENDER_INCLUDE="$(find src -type d | xargs -I{} echo -n "-I{} ")"
+TINYRENDER_SRC="$(find src -type f -name "*.c" | xargs -I{} echo -n "{} ")"
+CFLAGS="-g $TINYRENDER_INCLUDE $WAPP_INCLUDE"
 LIBS="-lm"
-SRC="src/*.c $WAPP_SRC"
+SRC="$TINYRENDER_SRC $WAPP_SRC"
 OUT=tiny
 
 (set -x ; $CC $CFLAGS $LIBS $SRC -o $OUT)

resources/cube.obj

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+# www.blender.org
+o Cube
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resources/half_sphere.obj

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+# www.blender.org
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resources/icosphere.obj

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+# www.blender.org
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+f 15/18/62 2/4/62 26/29/62
+f 23/16/63 24/33/63 11/46/63
+f 23/16/64 16/6/64 24/33/64
+f 16/6/65 6/26/65 24/33/65
+f 17/15/66 22/27/66 6/26/66
+f 17/15/67 20/14/67 22/27/67
+f 20/14/68 5/23/68 22/27/68
+f 20/12/69 21/24/69 5/23/69
+f 20/12/70 18/11/70 21/24/70
+f 18/11/71 4/20/71 21/24/71
+f 18/9/72 19/21/72 4/20/72
+f 18/9/73 13/8/73 19/21/73
+f 13/8/74 3/61/74 19/21/74
+f 16/6/75 17/62/75 6/26/75
+f 16/6/76 14/5/76 17/62/76
+f 14/5/77 1/63/77 17/62/77
+f 13/3/78 15/18/78 3/17/78
+f 13/3/79 14/2/79 15/18/79
+f 14/2/80 2/4/80 15/18/80

resources/polygon.obj

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Blender 4.2.0
+# www.blender.org
+o Sphere
+v 0.707107 0.000000 0.707107
+v 0.653281 -0.382683 0.653281
+v 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
+v 0.000000 -0.382683 0.923879
+vn 0.3764 -0.1807 0.9087
+vt 0.375000 0.375000
+vt 0.250000 0.500000
+vt 0.250000 0.375000
+vt 0.375000 0.500000
+s 0
+f 2/1/1 3/2/1 4/3/1
+f 2/1/1 1/4/1 3/2/1

src/constants.h

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef CONSTANTS_H
+#define CONSTANTS_H
+
+#define DEPTH_MAX 255
+#define TRIANGLE_VERTICES 3
+
+#endif // CONSTANTS_H

src/img/img.c

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-internal u64 calculate_pixel_index(Buffer *buffer, u64 x, u64 y, u64 base_size);
+internal i64 calculate_pixel_index(Buffer *buffer, u64 x, u64 y, u64 base_size);
 
 bool _init_buffer(Arena *arena, Buffer *buffer, u64 base_size) {
   if (!arena || !buffer || buffer->width == 0 || buffer->height == 0) {
@@ -21,13 +21,22 @@ bool _init_buffer(Arena *arena, Buffer *buffer, u64 base_size) {
 }
 
 u8 *_get_pixel(Buffer *buffer, u64 x, u64 y, u64 base_size) {
-  u64 idx = calculate_pixel_index(buffer, x, y, base_size);
+  i64 idx = calculate_pixel_index(buffer, x, y, base_size);
+  if (idx == -1) {
+    idx = 0;
+  }
+
   return ((u8 *)(buffer->buf)) + idx;
 }
 
 void _set_pixel(Buffer *buffer, u64 x, u64 y, void *value, u64 base_size) {
-  u64 idx = calculate_pixel_index(buffer, x, y, base_size);
+  i64 idx = calculate_pixel_index(buffer, x, y, base_size);
+  if (idx == -1) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   memcpy(((u8 *)(buffer->buf)) + idx, value, base_size);
+  return;
 }
 
 void _clear_buffer(Buffer *buffer, void *value, u64 base_size) {
@@ -74,7 +83,11 @@ void save_image(const Image *img, const char *filename) {
   write_p7_image(img->width, img->height, (u8 *)(img->buf), filename);
 }
 
-internal u64 calculate_pixel_index(Buffer *buffer, u64 x, u64 y,
+internal i64 calculate_pixel_index(Buffer *buffer, u64 x, u64 y,
                                    u64 base_size) {
+  if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= buffer->width || y >= buffer->height) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
   return (y * buffer->width + x) * base_size;
 }

src/img/img.h

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #define BUF_TYPE(TYPE, NAME)                                                   \
-  typedef struct {                                                             \
+  typedef struct NAME {                                                        \
     u64 width;                                                                 \
     u64 height;                                                                \
     TYPE *buf;                                                                 \
   } NAME
 
+#define BUF_SIZE(BUF) sizeof(*((BUF)->buf))
+
 typedef struct colour Colour;
 struct colour {
   u8 r;
@@ -24,14 +26,10 @@ BUF_TYPE(void, Buffer);
 BUF_TYPE(Colour, Image);
 BUF_TYPE(f32, Depth);
 
-#define init_buffer(ARENA, BUF)                                                \
-  _init_buffer(ARENA, (Buffer *)BUF, sizeof(*((BUF)->buf)))
-#define get_pixel(TYPE, BUF, X, Y)                                             \
-  (*((TYPE *)(_get_pixel((Buffer *)BUF, X, Y, sizeof(*((BUF)->buf))))))
-#define set_pixel(BUF, X, Y, VAL_PTR)                                          \
-  _set_pixel((Buffer *)BUF, X, Y, VAL_PTR, sizeof(*((BUF)->buf)))
-#define clear_buffer(BUF, VAL_PTR)                                             \
-  _clear_buffer((Buffer *)BUF, VAL_PTR, sizeof(*((BUF)->buf)))
+#define init_buffer(ARENA, BUF)       (_init_buffer(ARENA, (Buffer *)BUF, BUF_SIZE(BUF)))
+#define get_pixel(TYPE, BUF, X, Y)    (*((TYPE *)(_get_pixel((Buffer *)BUF, X, Y, BUF_SIZE(BUF)))))
+#define set_pixel(BUF, X, Y, VAL_PTR) (_set_pixel((Buffer *)BUF, X, Y, VAL_PTR, BUF_SIZE(BUF)))
+#define clear_buffer(BUF, VAL_PTR)    (_clear_buffer((Buffer *)BUF, VAL_PTR, BUF_SIZE(BUF)))
 
 bool _init_buffer(Arena *arena, Buffer *buffer, u64 base_size);
 u8 *_get_pixel(Buffer *buffer, u64 x, u64 y, u64 base_size);

src/main.c

@@ -1,46 +1,6 @@
-#include "img.h"
-#include "mem_arena.h"
-#include "mem_utils.h"
-#include "obj.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
+#include "aliases.h"
+#include "tiny.h"
 
-enum {
-  TINY_EXIT_SUCCESS,
-  TINY_EXIT_ARENA_INIT_FAILED,
-  TINY_EXIT_RENDER_INIT_FAILED,
-  TINY_EXIT_MODEL_LOAD_FAILED,
-};
-
-int main(void) {
-  Arena *arena = NULL;
-  if (!wapp_mem_arena_init(&arena, 10ul * 1024ul * 1024ul * 1024ul,
-                           WAPP_MEM_ALLOC_RESERVE, false)) {
-    return TINY_EXIT_ARENA_INIT_FAILED;
-  }
-
-  srand(time(NULL));
-
-  Colour bg = {.r = 42, .g = 45, .b = 52, .a = 255};
-  Colour teal = {.r = 14, .g = 156, .b = 208, .a = 255};
-  Colour orange = {.r = 242, .g = 100, .b = 48, .a = 255};
-  Render render;
-  if (!init_render(arena, &render, 1200, 1200)) {
-    return TINY_EXIT_RENDER_INIT_FAILED;
-  }
-
-  Model model = load_obj_file(arena, "resources/head.obj");
-  if (IS_NULL_MODEL(model)) {
-    return TINY_EXIT_MODEL_LOAD_FAILED;
-  }
-
-  clear_buffer(&(render.img), &bg);
-  render_model(&model, &render, teal, RENDER_TYPE_SHADED, COLOUR_TYPE_FIXED);
-  save_image(&(render.img), "result.pam");
-
-  wapp_mem_arena_destroy(&arena);
-
-  return TINY_EXIT_SUCCESS;
+i32 main(i32 argc, char *argv[]) {
+  return tiny_main(argc, argv);
 }

src/model/obj.c

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include "obj.h"
+#include "mem_arena.h"
+#include "pam.h"
+#include "typed_list.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+Model load_obj_file(Arena *arena, const char *filename, const char *diffuse, const char *tangent) {
+  if (!arena) {
+    return INVALID_MODEL;
+  }
+
+  FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
+  if (!fp) {
+    return INVALID_MODEL;
+  }
+
+  Model model = (Model){
+      .vertices            = list_create(V3f, arena),
+      .normals             = list_create(V3f, arena),
+      .texture_coordinates = list_create(V2f, arena),
+      .triangles           = list_create(Triangle, arena),
+  };
+  if (!(model.vertices) || !(model.normals) || !(model.texture_coordinates) || !(model.triangles)) {
+    return INVALID_MODEL;
+  }
+
+  char line[8192];
+  char identifier[8];
+  V3f vertex;
+  V3f normal;
+  V2f coord;
+  Triangle triangle;
+  f32 vx, vy, vz;
+  f32 nx, ny, nz;
+  f32 u, v;
+  u64 fp0, fp1, fp2;
+  u64 vn0, vn1, vn2;
+  u64 tx0, tx1, tx2;
+  while (fgets(line, 8191, fp) != NULL) {
+    sscanf(line, "%s", identifier);
+    if (strncmp(identifier, "v", 8) == 0) {
+      sscanf(line + 2, "%f %f %f", &vx, &vy, &vz);
+      vertex.x = vx;
+      vertex.y = vy;
+      vertex.z = vz;
+      list_append(V3f, arena, model.vertices, vertex);
+    } else if (strncmp(identifier, "vn", 8) == 0) {
+      sscanf(line + 2, "%f %f %f", &nx, &ny, &nz);
+      normal.x = nx;
+      normal.y = ny;
+      normal.z = nz;
+      list_append(V3f, arena, model.normals, normal);
+    } else if (strncmp(identifier, "vt", 8) == 0) {
+      sscanf(line + 2, "%f %f", &u, &v);
+      coord.u = u;
+      coord.v = 1.0f - v;
+      list_append(V2f, arena, model.texture_coordinates, coord);
+    } else if (strncmp(identifier, "f", 8) == 0) {
+      sscanf(line + 2, "%lu/%lu/%lu %lu/%lu/%lu %lu/%lu/%lu",
+             &fp0, &tx0, &vn0,
+             &fp1, &tx1, &vn1,
+             &fp2, &tx2, &vn2);
+      // OBJ indices start from 1
+      triangle.p0  = fp0 - 1;
+      triangle.p1  = fp1 - 1;
+      triangle.p2  = fp2 - 1;
+      triangle.tx0 = tx0 - 1;
+      triangle.tx1 = tx1 - 1;
+      triangle.tx2 = tx2 - 1;
+      triangle.n0  = vn0 - 1;
+      triangle.n1  = vn1 - 1;
+      triangle.n2  = vn2 - 1;
+      list_append(Triangle, arena, model.triangles, triangle);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (diffuse) {
+    model.texture = load_p6_image(arena, diffuse);
+  }
+
+  if (tangent) {
+    model.normal = load_p6_image(arena, tangent);
+  }
+
+  return model;
+}

src/model/obj.h

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef OBJ_H
+#define OBJ_H
+
+#include "aliases.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "img.h"
+#include "mem_arena.h"
+#include "typed_list.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+
+#define INVALID_MODEL ((Model){0})
+#define IS_INVALID_MODEL(m) (m.vertices == NULL || m.triangles == NULL)
+
+typedef struct triangle Triangle;
+struct triangle {
+  union {
+    u64 positions[TRIANGLE_VERTICES];
+    struct {
+      u64 p0;
+      u64 p1;
+      u64 p2;
+    };
+  };
+  union {
+    u64 normals[TRIANGLE_VERTICES];
+    struct {
+      u64 n0;
+      u64 n1;
+      u64 n2;
+    };
+  };
+  union {
+    u64 coordinates[TRIANGLE_VERTICES];
+    struct {
+      u64 tx0;
+      u64 tx1;
+      u64 tx2;
+    };
+  };
+};
+
+MAKE_LIST_TYPE(Triangle);
+
+typedef struct point_light PointLight;
+struct point_light {
+  V3f diffuse_intensity;
+  V3f specular_intensity;
+  V3f position;
+};
+
+typedef struct model Model;
+struct model {
+  LIST_TYPE(V3f)      *vertices;
+  LIST_TYPE(V3f)      *normals;
+  LIST_TYPE(V2f)      *texture_coordinates;
+  LIST_TYPE(Triangle) *triangles;
+  Image               *texture;
+  Image               *normal;
+};
+
+Model load_obj_file(Arena *arena, const char *filename, const char *diffuse, const char *tangent);
+
+#endif // OBJ_H

src/model/render.c

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#include "render.h"
+#include "aliases.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "img.h"
+#include "shader.h"
+#include "typed_list.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+Render g_render_passes[COUNT_RENDER_PASS] = {0};
+
+typedef struct triangle_bbox TriangleBBox;
+struct triangle_bbox {
+  u64 x0;
+  u64 y0;
+  u64 x1;
+  u64 y1;
+};
+
+internal void         render_triangle(const Triangle *triangle, const Model *model, ShaderID shader,
+                                      Render *render, RenderType render_type, Colour colour);
+internal void         fill_triangle(Render *render, ShaderID shader, VertexData vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES],
+                                    Colour colour, const Model *model, RenderType type);
+internal TriangleBBox get_triangle_bbox(const Image *img, V2f vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES]);
+internal V3f          get_barycentric_coords(V2f a, V2f b, V2f c, V2f p);
+internal V2f          get_viewport_vertex(const V3f *vertex, const Image *img);
+
+bool init_render(Arena *arena, Render *render, u64 width, u64 height) {
+  render->img = (Image){.width = width, .height = height};
+  if (!init_buffer(arena, &(render->img))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  render->depth = (Depth){.width = width, .height = height};
+  if (!init_buffer(arena, &(render->depth))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  f32 inf = -INFINITY;
+  clear_buffer(&(render->depth), &inf);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void render_model(const Model *model, Render *render, ShaderID shader, RenderType render_type, Colour colour) {
+  Triangle triangle;
+  for (u64 i = 0; i < model->triangles->count; ++i) {
+    triangle = list_get(model->triangles, i);
+    render_triangle(&triangle, model, shader, render, render_type, colour);
+  }
+}
+
+internal void render_triangle(const Triangle *triangle, const Model *model, ShaderID shader,
+                              Render *render, RenderType render_type, Colour colour) {
+  Image *img = &(render->img);
+  VertexData vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES];
+  for (u64 i = 0; i < TRIANGLE_VERTICES; ++i) {
+    vertices[i].position = list_get(model->vertices, triangle->positions[i]);
+    vertices[i].normal   = list_get(model->normals, triangle->normals[i]);
+    vertices[i].uv       = list_get(model->texture_coordinates, triangle->coordinates[i]);
+
+    vertices[i]          = run_vertex_shader(shader, &vertices[i], i, model);
+  }
+
+  if (render_type == RENDER_TYPE_WIREFRAME) {
+    // V3f v0, v1;
+    // u64 x0, y0, x1, y1;
+    // for (u64 i = 0; i < TRIANGLE_VERTICES; ++i) {
+    //   v0 = vertices[i];
+    //   v1 = vertices[(i + 1) % TRIANGLE_VERTICES];
+    //
+    //   draw_line(img, (u64)v0.x, (u64)v0.y, (u64)v1.x, (u64)v1.y, colour);
+    // }
+  } else if (render_type == RENDER_TYPE_FILLED || render_type == RENDER_TYPE_SHADED) {
+    fill_triangle(render, shader, vertices, colour, model, render_type);
+  }
+}
+
+internal void fill_triangle(Render *render, ShaderID shader, VertexData vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES],
+                            Colour colour, const Model *model, RenderType type) {
+  Image   *img   = &(render->img);
+  Depth   *depth = &(render->depth);
+
+  V2f vp_verts[TRIANGLE_VERTICES] = {0};
+  for (u64 i = 0; i < TRIANGLE_VERTICES; ++i) {
+    vp_verts[i] = get_viewport_vertex(&vertices[i].position, img);
+  }
+
+  TriangleBBox bbox = get_triangle_bbox(img, vp_verts);
+
+  V2f            point;
+  V3f            coords;
+  f32            z;
+  f32            zbuf;
+  V4f            shader_colour;
+  Colour         output_colour;
+  FragmentResult result;
+
+  f32 intensity = 1.0f;
+
+  for (u64 y = bbox.y0; y <= bbox.y1; ++y) {
+    for (u64 x = bbox.x0; x <= bbox.x1; ++x) {
+      point = (V2f){x, y};
+      coords = get_barycentric_coords(vp_verts[0], vp_verts[1], vp_verts[2], point);
+      if (coords.x < 0.0f || coords.y < 0.0f || coords.z < 0.0f) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      z    = 0.0f;
+      z    += vertices[0].position.z * coords.x +
+              vertices[1].position.z * coords.y +
+              vertices[2].position.z * coords.z;
+      zbuf = get_pixel(f32, &(render->depth), x, y);
+
+      if (z <= zbuf) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      shader_colour = (V4f){.r = colour.r, .g = colour.g, .b = colour.b, .a = colour.a};
+      result        = run_fragment_shader(shader, &coords, &shader_colour, model);
+      if (DISCARD_FRAGMENT(result)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      output_colour = (Colour){
+          .r = clamp(result.colour.r, 0, UINT8_MAX),
+          .g = clamp(result.colour.g, 0, UINT8_MAX),
+          .b = clamp(result.colour.b, 0, UINT8_MAX),
+          .a = clamp(result.colour.a, 0, UINT8_MAX),
+      };
+
+      set_pixel(depth, x, y, &z);
+      set_pixel(img, x, y, &output_colour);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+internal TriangleBBox get_triangle_bbox(const Image *img, V2f vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES]) {
+  f32 x0 = min(vertices[0].x, min(vertices[1].x, vertices[2].x));
+  f32 x1 = max(vertices[0].x, max(vertices[1].x, vertices[2].x));
+  f32 y0 = min(vertices[0].y, min(vertices[1].y, vertices[2].y));
+  f32 y1 = max(vertices[0].y, max(vertices[1].y, vertices[2].y));
+
+  return (TriangleBBox){
+      .x0 = x0,
+      .y0 = y0,
+      .x1 = x1,
+      .y1 = y1,
+  };
+}
+
+internal V3f get_barycentric_coords(V2f a, V2f b, V2f c, V2f p) {
+  V3f x_vec = V3(V3f, f32, c.x, b.x, a.x, a.x, a.x, p.x);
+  V3f y_vec = V3(V3f, f32, c.y, b.y, a.y, a.y, a.y, p.y);
+
+  V3f u = cross_product(x_vec, y_vec);
+  if (fabsf(u.z) < 1e-2) {
+    return (V3f){-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
+  }
+
+  return (V3f){1.0f - (u.x + u.y) / u.z, u.y / u.z, u.x / u.z};
+}
+
+internal V2f get_viewport_vertex(const V3f *vertex, const Image *img) {
+  V3f output = *vertex;
+  output.x = clamp(output.x, 0.0f, img->width);
+  output.y = clamp(output.y, 0.0f, img->height);
+
+  return (V2f){output.x, output.y};
+}

src/model/render.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef RENDER_H
+#define RENDER_H
+
+#include "aliases.h"
+#include "mem_arena.h"
+#include "obj.h"
+#include "shader.h"
+
+typedef enum {
+  RENDER_TYPE_WIREFRAME,
+  RENDER_TYPE_FILLED,
+  RENDER_TYPE_SHADED,
+
+  COUNT_RENDER_TYPE,
+} RenderType;
+
+typedef enum {
+  PROJECTION_TYPE_ORTHOGRAPHIC,
+  PROJECTION_TYPE_PERSPECTIVE,
+
+  COUNT_PROJECTION_TYPE,
+} ProjectionType;
+
+typedef struct render Render;
+struct render {
+  Image img;
+  Depth depth;
+};
+
+enum render_pass {
+  RENDER_PASS_SHADOW,
+  RENDER_PASS_MAIN,
+
+  COUNT_RENDER_PASS,
+};
+
+extern Render g_render_passes[COUNT_RENDER_PASS];
+
+bool init_render(Arena *arena, Render *render, u64 width, u64 height);
+void render_model(const Model *model, Render *render, ShaderID shader, RenderType render_type, Colour colour);
+
+#endif // RENDER_H

src/obj.c

@@ -1,297 +0,0 @@
-#include "obj.h"
-#include "aliases.h"
-#include "img.h"
-#include "mem_arena.h"
-#include "typed_list.h"
-#include "utils.h"
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#define TRIANGLE_VERTICES 3
-
-#define V2(T, ELEM_T, X0, Y0, X1, Y1)                                          \
-  ((T){(ELEM_T)X1 - (ELEM_T)X0, (ELEM_T)Y1 - (ELEM_T)Y0})
-#define V3(T, ELEM_T, X0, Y0, Z0, X1, Y1, Z1)                                  \
-  ((T){(ELEM_T)X1 - (ELEM_T)X0, (ELEM_T)Y1 - (ELEM_T)Y0,                       \
-       (ELEM_T)Z1 - (ELEM_T)Z0})
-#define dot_v2(V1, V2) ((f32)V1.x * (f32)V2.x + (f32)V1.y * (f32)V2.y)
-#define dot_v3(V1, V2)                                                         \
-  ((f32)V1.x * (f32)V2.x + (f32)V1.y * (f32)V2.y + (f32)V1.z * (f32)V2.z)
-#define normalise_v3(V)                                                        \
-  do {                                                                         \
-    f32 magnitude = sqrtf(dot_v3(V, V));                                       \
-    V.x /= magnitude;                                                          \
-    V.y /= magnitude;                                                          \
-    V.z /= magnitude;                                                          \
-  } while (0);
-#define cross_product(V1, V2)                                                  \
-  ((V3f){                                                                      \
-      .x = V1.y * V2.z - V1.z * V2.y,                                          \
-      .y = V1.z * V2.x - V1.x * V2.z,                                          \
-      .z = V1.x * V2.y - V1.y * V2.x,                                          \
-  })
-
-typedef struct triangle_bbox TriangleBBox;
-struct triangle_bbox {
-  u64 x0;
-  u64 y0;
-  u64 x1;
-  u64 y1;
-};
-
-typedef struct i64x2 V2i;
-struct i64x2 {
-  i64 x;
-  i64 y;
-};
-
-typedef struct f32x3 V3f;
-struct f32x3 {
-  f32 x;
-  f32 y;
-  f32 z;
-};
-
-typedef struct u64x3 V3u;
-struct u64x3 {
-  u64 x;
-  u64 y;
-  u64 z;
-};
-
-typedef struct f32_3x3 M3x3f;
-struct f32_3x3 {
-  V3f row0;
-  V3f row1;
-  V3f row2;
-};
-
-internal void render_triangle(const Triangle *triangle, const Model *model,
-                              Render *render, Colour colour, RenderType type);
-internal void fill_triangle(Render *render, Vertex vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES],
-                            Colour colour);
-internal TriangleBBox get_triangle_bbox(const Image *img,
-                                        Vertex vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES]);
-internal V3f get_barycentric_coords(f32 d00, f32 d01, f32 d11, f32 denom,
-                                    const V2i *ab, const V2i *ac,
-                                    const V2i *ap);
-internal void get_image_coordinates(const Vertex *vertex, const Image *img,
-                                    u64 *x, u64 *y);
-internal u64 ndc_to_image_coordinate(f32 value, u64 max);
-
-V3f g_light_dir = {0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f};
-
-Model load_obj_file(Arena *arena, const char *filename) {
-  if (!arena) {
-    return NULL_MODEL;
-  }
-
-  FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
-  if (!fp) {
-    return NULL_MODEL;
-  }
-
-  Model model = (Model){
-      .vertices = list_create(Vertex, arena),
-      .triangles = list_create(Triangle, arena),
-  };
-  if (!(model.vertices) || !(model.triangles)) {
-    return NULL_MODEL;
-  }
-
-  char line[8192];
-  char identifier[8];
-  Vertex vertex;
-  Triangle triangle;
-  f32 vx, vy, vz;
-  u64 fp0, fp1, fp2;
-  u64 ign_0_1, ign_0_2;
-  u64 ign_1_1, ign_1_2;
-  u64 ign_2_1, ign_2_2;
-  while (fgets(line, 8191, fp) != NULL) {
-    sscanf(line, "%s", identifier);
-    if (strncmp(identifier, "v", 8) == 0) {
-      sscanf(line + 2, "%f %f %f", &vx, &vy, &vz);
-      vertex.x = vx;
-      vertex.y = vy;
-      vertex.z = vz;
-      list_append(Vertex, arena, model.vertices, vertex);
-    } else if (strncmp(identifier, "f", 8) == 0) {
-      sscanf(line + 2, "%lu/%lu/%lu %lu/%lu/%lu %lu/%lu/%lu", &fp0, &ign_0_1,
-             &ign_0_2, &fp1, &ign_1_1, &ign_1_2, &fp2, &ign_2_1, &ign_2_2);
-      // OBJ indices start from 1
-      triangle.p0 = fp0 - 1;
-      triangle.p1 = fp1 - 1;
-      triangle.p2 = fp2 - 1;
-      list_append(Triangle, arena, model.triangles, triangle);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return model;
-}
-
-bool init_render(Arena *arena, Render *render, u64 width, u64 height) {
-  render->img = (Image){.width = width, .height = height};
-  if (!init_buffer(arena, &(render->img))) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  render->depth = (Depth){.width = width, .height = height};
-  if (!init_buffer(arena, &(render->depth))) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  f32 inf = -1.0f * INFINITY;
-  clear_buffer(&(render->depth), &inf);
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-void render_model(const Model *model, Render *render, Colour colour,
-                  RenderType type, ColourType colour_type) {
-  Triangle triangle;
-
-  for (u64 i = 0; i < model->triangles->count; ++i) {
-    triangle = list_get(model->triangles, i);
-    if (colour_type == COLOUR_TYPE_RANDOM) {
-      colour = (Colour){.r = rand() % UINT8_MAX,
-                        .g = rand() % UINT8_MAX,
-                        .b = rand() % UINT8_MAX,
-                        .a = 255};
-    }
-    render_triangle(&triangle, model, render, colour, type);
-  }
-}
-
-internal void render_triangle(const Triangle *triangle, const Model *model,
-                              Render *render, Colour colour, RenderType type) {
-  Image *img = &(render->img);
-  Vertex vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES] = {
-      list_get(model->vertices, triangle->p0),
-      list_get(model->vertices, triangle->p1),
-      list_get(model->vertices, triangle->p2),
-  };
-
-  if (type == RENDER_TYPE_WIREFRAME) {
-    Vertex v0, v1;
-    u64 x0, y0, x1, y1;
-    for (u64 i = 0; i < TRIANGLE_VERTICES; ++i) {
-      v0 = vertices[i];
-      v1 = vertices[(i + 1) % TRIANGLE_VERTICES];
-
-      get_image_coordinates(&v0, img, &x0, &y0);
-      get_image_coordinates(&v1, img, &x1, &y1);
-
-      draw_line(img, x0, y0, x1, y1, colour);
-    }
-  } else if (type == RENDER_TYPE_FILLED || type == RENDER_TYPE_SHADED) {
-    f32 intensity = 1.0f;
-
-    if (type == RENDER_TYPE_SHADED) {
-      V3f ab = V3(V3f, f32, vertices[0].x, vertices[0].y, vertices[0].z,
-                  vertices[1].x, vertices[1].y, vertices[1].z);
-      V3f ac = V3(V3f, f32, vertices[0].x, vertices[0].y, vertices[0].z,
-                  vertices[2].x, vertices[2].y, vertices[2].z);
-
-      V3f normal = cross_product(ac, ab);
-      normalise_v3(normal);
-
-      intensity = dot_v3(normal, g_light_dir);
-
-      colour.r *= intensity;
-      colour.g *= intensity;
-      colour.b *= intensity;
-    }
-
-    if (intensity > 0.0f) {
-      fill_triangle(render, vertices, colour);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-internal void fill_triangle(Render *render, Vertex vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES],
-                            Colour colour) {
-  Image *img = &(render->img);
-  Depth *depth = &(render->depth);
-  TriangleBBox bbox = get_triangle_bbox(img, vertices);
-
-  u64 v0x, v0y, v1x, v1y, v2x, v2y;
-  get_image_coordinates(&(vertices[0]), img, &v0x, &v0y);
-  get_image_coordinates(&(vertices[1]), img, &v1x, &v1y);
-  get_image_coordinates(&(vertices[2]), img, &v2x, &v2y);
-
-  V2i ab = V2(V2i, i64, v0x, v0y, v1x, v1y);
-  V2i ac = V2(V2i, i64, v0x, v0y, v2x, v2y);
-  f32 d00 = dot_v2(ab, ab);
-  f32 d01 = dot_v2(ab, ac);
-  f32 d11 = dot_v2(ac, ac);
-  f32 denom = (f32)d00 * (f32)d11 - (f32)d01 * (f32)d01;
-  V2i ap;
-  V3f coords;
-  f32 z;
-  f32 zbuf;
-
-  for (u64 y = bbox.y0; y < bbox.y1; ++y) {
-    for (u64 x = bbox.x0; x < bbox.x1; ++x) {
-      ap = V2(V2i, i64, v0x, v0y, x, y);
-      coords = get_barycentric_coords(d00, d01, d11, denom, &ab, &ac, &ap);
-      if (coords.x < 0.0f || coords.y < 0.0f || coords.z < 0.0f) {
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      z = 0.0f;
-      z += vertices[0].z * coords.x + vertices[1].z * coords.y +
-           vertices[2].z * coords.z;
-      zbuf = get_pixel(f32, &(render->depth), x, y);
-
-      if (z > zbuf) {
-        set_pixel(depth, x, y, &z);
-        set_pixel(img, x, y, &colour);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-internal TriangleBBox get_triangle_bbox(const Image *img,
-                                        Vertex vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES]) {
-  f32 x0 = min(vertices[0].x, min(vertices[1].x, vertices[2].x));
-  f32 x1 = max(vertices[0].x, max(vertices[1].x, vertices[2].x));
-  // NOTE (Abdelrahman): Because y is flipped, we use max for the minimum and
-  // min for the maximum
-  f32 y0 = max(vertices[0].y, max(vertices[1].y, vertices[2].y));
-  f32 y1 = min(vertices[0].y, min(vertices[1].y, vertices[2].y));
-
-  return (TriangleBBox){
-      .x0 = ndc_to_image_coordinate(x0, img->width),
-      .y0 = ndc_to_image_coordinate(0.0f - y0, img->height),
-      .x1 = ndc_to_image_coordinate(x1, img->width),
-      .y1 = ndc_to_image_coordinate(0.0f - y1, img->height),
-  };
-}
-
-internal V3f get_barycentric_coords(f32 d00, f32 d01, f32 d11, f32 denom,
-                                    const V2i *ab, const V2i *ac,
-                                    const V2i *ap) {
-  f32 d20 = dot_v2((*ap), (*ab));
-  f32 d21 = dot_v2((*ap), (*ac));
-
-  f32 v = (d11 * d20 - d01 * d21) / denom;
-  f32 w = (d00 * d21 - d01 * d20) / denom;
-  f32 u = 1.0f - v - w;
-
-  return (V3f){v, w, u};
-}
-
-internal void get_image_coordinates(const Vertex *vertex, const Image *img,
-                                    u64 *x, u64 *y) {
-  *x = ndc_to_image_coordinate(vertex->x, img->width);
-  *y = ndc_to_image_coordinate(0.0f - vertex->y, img->height);
-}
-
-internal u64 ndc_to_image_coordinate(f32 value, u64 max) {
-  f32 result = (value + 1.0f) * max * 0.5f;
-  return clamp((u64)result, 0, max);
-}

src/obj.h

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef OBJ_H
-#define OBJ_H
-
-#include "aliases.h"
-#include "img.h"
-#include "mem_arena.h"
-#include "typed_list.h"
-
-#define NULL_MODEL ((Model){0})
-#define IS_NULL_MODEL(m) (m.vertices == NULL || m.triangles == NULL)
-
-typedef struct vertex Vertex;
-struct vertex {
-  f32 x;
-  f32 y;
-  f32 z;
-};
-
-typedef struct triangle Triangle;
-struct triangle {
-  u64 p0;
-  u64 p1;
-  u64 p2;
-};
-
-typedef enum {
-  RENDER_TYPE_WIREFRAME,
-  RENDER_TYPE_FILLED,
-  RENDER_TYPE_SHADED,
-
-  COUNT_RENDER_TYPES,
-} RenderType;
-
-typedef enum {
-  COLOUR_TYPE_FIXED,
-  COLOUR_TYPE_RANDOM,
-
-  COUNT_COLOUR_TYPE,
-} ColourType;
-
-MAKE_LIST_TYPE(Vertex);
-MAKE_LIST_TYPE(Triangle);
-
-typedef struct model Model;
-struct model {
-  LIST_TYPE(Vertex) * vertices;
-  LIST_TYPE(Triangle) * triangles;
-};
-
-typedef struct render Render;
-struct render {
-  Image img;
-  Depth depth;
-};
-
-Model load_obj_file(Arena *arena, const char *filename);
-bool init_render(Arena *arena, Render *render, u64 width, u64 height);
-void render_model(const Model *model, Render *render, Colour colour,
-                  RenderType type, ColourType colour_type);
-
-#endif // OBJ_H

src/pam.c

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#include "pam.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-void write_p7_image(u64 width, u64 height, u8 *buf, const char *outfile) {
-  FILE *fp = fopen(outfile, "wb");
-  if (!fp) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open file: %s\n", outfile);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  char header[4096] = {0};
-  snprintf(header, 4095,
-           "P7\n"
-           "WIDTH %lu\n"
-           "HEIGHT %lu\n"
-           "DEPTH 4\n"
-           "MAXVAL 255\n"
-           "TUPLTYPE RGB_ALPHA\n"
-           "ENDHDR\n",
-           width, height);
-
-  u64 hdr_size = strlen(header);
-  u64 buf_size = width * height * 4;
-
-  fwrite(header, hdr_size, 1, fp);
-  fwrite(buf, buf_size, 1, fp);
-
-  fclose(fp);
-}

src/pam/pam.c

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#include "pam.h"
+#include "img.h"
+#include "mem_arena.h"
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+void write_p7_image(u64 width, u64 height, u8 *buf, const char *outfile) {
+  FILE *fp = fopen(outfile, "wb");
+  if (!fp) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open file: %s\n", outfile);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  char header[4096] = {0};
+  snprintf(header, 4095,
+           "P7\n"
+           "WIDTH %lu\n"
+           "HEIGHT %lu\n"
+           "DEPTH 4\n"
+           "MAXVAL 255\n"
+           "TUPLTYPE RGB_ALPHA\n"
+           "ENDHDR\n",
+           width, height);
+
+  u64 hdr_size = strlen(header);
+  u64 buf_size = width * height * 4;
+
+  fwrite(header, hdr_size, 1, fp);
+  fwrite(buf, buf_size, 1, fp);
+
+  fclose(fp);
+}
+
+Image *load_p6_image(Arena *arena, const char *filename) {
+  Image *output = NULL;
+
+  if (!arena || !filename) {
+    goto RETURN_VALUE;
+  }
+
+  FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
+  if (!fp) {
+    goto RETURN_VALUE;
+  }
+
+  char type[4] = {0};
+  fread(type, 3, 1, fp);
+  if (strncmp(type, "P6\n", 4) != 0) {
+    goto CLOSE_FILE;
+  }
+
+  u64 w, h;
+  fscanf(fp, "%lu %lu\n", &w, &h);
+
+  u64 max;
+  fscanf(fp, "%lu\n", &max);
+  if (max > UINT8_MAX) {
+    goto CLOSE_FILE;
+  }
+
+  output = wapp_mem_arena_alloc(arena, sizeof(Image));
+  if (!output) {
+    goto CLOSE_FILE;
+  }
+
+  output->width = w;
+  output->height = h;
+  if (!init_buffer(arena, output)) {
+    goto CLOSE_FILE;
+  }
+
+  Colour colour = {0};
+  for (u64 y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
+    for (u64 x = 0; x < w; ++x) {
+      fread(&colour, 3, 1, fp);
+      colour.a = 255;
+      set_pixel(output, x, y, &colour);
+    }
+  }
+
+CLOSE_FILE:
+  fclose(fp);
+
+RETURN_VALUE:
+  return output;
+}

src/pam/pam.h

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 #define PAM_H
 
 #include "aliases.h"
+#include "img.h"
 
 void write_p7_image(u64 width, u64 height, u8 *buf, const char *outfile);
+Image *load_p6_image(Arena *arena, const char *filename);
 
 #endif // PAM_H

src/shader/main_shader.c

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "main_shader.h"
+#include "img.h"
+#include "obj.h"
+#include "render.h"
+#include "shader.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+
+VertexData general_shader_vertex(void *shader, const VertexData *vert, u8 index, const Model *model) {
+  Shader *shdr = (Shader *)shader;
+
+  V4f vh = V3_to_V4(vert->position);
+  vh.y   = 0.0 - vh.y;
+  vh     = mat4x4_mul_vec4(shdr->final, vh);
+
+  shdr->vertices[index].position = project_vec4(vh);
+  shdr->vertices[index].uv       = vert->uv;
+
+  V4f hnorm                    = V3_to_V4(vert->normal);
+  hnorm                        = mat4x4_mul_vec4(shdr->proj_mv_inv_t, hnorm);
+  shdr->vertices[index].normal = project_vec4(hnorm);
+  normalise_v3(shdr->vertices[index].normal);
+
+  return shdr->vertices[index];
+}
+
+FragmentResult diffuse_shader_fragment(void *shader, const V3f *barycentric, const V4f *colour,
+                                       const Model *model) {
+  Shader *shdr = (Shader *)shader;
+
+  M3x3f pos_mat    = {.rows = {shdr->vertices[0].position, shdr->vertices[1].position, shdr->vertices[2].position}};
+  pos_mat          = mat3x3_transpose(pos_mat);
+  M3x3f normal_mat = {.rows = {shdr->vertices[0].normal, shdr->vertices[1].normal, shdr->vertices[2].normal}};
+  normal_mat       = mat3x3_transpose(normal_mat);
+  M3x2f uvs        = {shdr->vertices[0].uv, shdr->vertices[1].uv, shdr->vertices[2].uv};
+  M2x3f uv_mat     = mat3x2_transpose(uvs);
+
+  V3f position = mat3x3_mul_vec3(pos_mat, (*barycentric));
+  V3f normal   = mat3x3_mul_vec3(normal_mat, (*barycentric));
+  V2f uv       = mat2x3_mul_vec3(uv_mat, (*barycentric));
+
+  V4f shadow_position_h = V3_to_V4(position);
+  shadow_position_h     = mat4x4_mul_vec4(shdr->shadow_matrix, shadow_position_h);
+  V3f shadow_position   = project_vec4(shadow_position_h);
+
+  // Calculate shadow
+  const Render *shadow_pass = &(g_render_passes[RENDER_PASS_SHADOW]);
+  f32 shadow_z              = get_pixel(f32, &(shadow_pass->depth), shadow_position.x, shadow_position.y);
+  f32 shadow                = 0.3f + 0.7f * (shadow_z < shadow_position.z + 10.0f);
+
+#pragma region darboux_frame_tangent_normals
+  /**
+   * Based on the following section of the tinyrenderer tutorial
+   * https://github.com/ssloy/tinyrenderer/wiki/Lesson-6bis:-tangent-space-normal-mapping#starting-point-phong-shading
+   */
+
+  if (model->normal) {
+    u64 nm_x = uv.u * model->normal->width;
+    u64 nm_y = uv.v * model->normal->height;
+
+    Colour pixel   = get_pixel(Colour, model->normal, nm_x, nm_y);
+    V3f    tangent = (V3f){
+        .x = pixel.r / 255.f * 2.f - 1.f,
+        .y = pixel.g / 255.f * 2.f - 1.f,
+        .z = pixel.b / 255.f * 2.f - 1.f,
+    };
+
+    V3f p0p1 = sub_v3(shdr->vertices[1].position, shdr->vertices[0].position);
+    V3f p0p2 = sub_v3(shdr->vertices[2].position, shdr->vertices[0].position);
+
+    M3x3f A     = {.rows = {p0p1, p0p2, normal}};
+    M3x3f A_inv = mat3x3_inv(A);
+
+    V2f uv0 = shdr->vertices[0].uv;
+    V2f uv1 = shdr->vertices[1].uv;
+    V2f uv2 = shdr->vertices[2].uv;
+
+    V3f u_vec = {uv1.u - uv0.u, uv2.u - uv0.u, 0};
+    V3f v_vec = {uv1.v - uv0.v, uv2.v - uv0.v, 0};
+
+    V3f i = mat3x3_mul_vec3(A_inv, u_vec);
+    normalise_v3(i);
+    V3f j = mat3x3_mul_vec3(A_inv, v_vec);
+    normalise_v3(j);
+
+    M3x3f B = {.rows = {i, j, normal}};
+    B = mat3x3_transpose(B);
+
+    normal = mat3x3_mul_vec3(B, tangent);
+    normalise_v3(normal);
+  }
+#pragma endregion darboux_frame_tangent_normals
+
+  V4f output;
+  if (model->texture) {
+    u64    tx_x = uv.u * model->texture->width;
+    u64    tx_y = uv.v * model->texture->height;
+    Colour tx   = get_pixel(Colour, model->texture, tx_x, tx_y);
+    output      = (V4f){.r = tx.r, .g = tx.g, .b = tx.b, .a = tx.a};
+  } else {
+    output = *colour;
+  }
+
+  f32 intensity = max(0.001f, dot_v3(normal, shdr->light_dir));
+  f32 r         = clamp(intensity + shdr->ambient.r, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+  f32 g         = clamp(intensity + shdr->ambient.g, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+  f32 b         = clamp(intensity + shdr->ambient.b, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+
+  output.r *= r * shadow;
+  output.g *= g * shadow;
+  output.b *= b * shadow;
+
+  return (FragmentResult){.colour = output};
+}
+
+FragmentResult albedo_shader_fragment(void *shader, const V3f *barycentric, const V4f *colour,
+                                      const Model *model) {
+  Shader *shdr = (Shader *)shader;
+
+  M3x2f uvs    = {shdr->vertices[0].uv, shdr->vertices[1].uv, shdr->vertices[2].uv};
+  M2x3f uv_mat = mat3x2_transpose(uvs);
+  V2f   uv     = mat2x3_mul_vec3(uv_mat, (*barycentric));
+
+  V4f output;
+  if (model->texture) {
+    u64    tx_x = uv.u * model->texture->width;
+    u64    tx_y = uv.v * model->texture->height;
+    Colour tx   = get_pixel(Colour, model->texture, tx_x, tx_y);
+    output      = (V4f){.r = tx.r, .g = tx.g, .b = tx.b, .a = tx.a};
+  } else {
+    output = *colour;
+  }
+
+  return (FragmentResult){.colour = output};
+}

src/shader/main_shader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef MAIN_SHADER_H
+#define MAIN_SHADER_H
+
+#include "shader.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+
+typedef struct shader Shader;
+struct shader {
+  #include "shader_base.inc"
+  M4x4f shadow_matrix;
+};
+
+VertexData     general_shader_vertex(void *shader, const VertexData *vert, u8 index, const Model *model);
+FragmentResult diffuse_shader_fragment(void *shader, const V3f *barycentric, const V4f *colour,
+                                       const Model *model);
+FragmentResult albedo_shader_fragment(void *shader, const V3f *barycentric, const V4f *colour,
+                                      const Model *model);
+#endif // !MAIN_SHADER_H

src/shader/shader.c

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include "shader.h"
+#include "aliases.h"
+
+#define MAX_SHADER_COUNT 2048
+
+typedef struct shader_repo ShaderRepo;
+struct shader_repo {
+  void           *shaders[MAX_SHADER_COUNT];
+  VertexShader   *vertex_funcs[MAX_SHADER_COUNT];
+  FragmentShader *fragment_funcs[MAX_SHADER_COUNT];
+  u64            count;
+};
+
+internal ShaderRepo g_repository = {0};
+
+ShaderID register_shader(void *shader, VertexShader *vertex, FragmentShader *fragment) {
+  if (g_repository.count + 1 >= MAX_SHADER_COUNT) {
+    return INVALID_SHADER;
+  }
+
+  ++(g_repository.count);
+  g_repository.shaders[g_repository.count]        = shader;
+  g_repository.vertex_funcs[g_repository.count]   = vertex;
+  g_repository.fragment_funcs[g_repository.count] = fragment;
+
+  return (ShaderID){g_repository.count};
+}
+
+VertexData run_vertex_shader(ShaderID shader, const VertexData *vert, u8 index, const Model *model) {
+  if (IS_INVALID_SHADER(shader) || shader.id > g_repository.count || !vert || !model) {
+    return (VertexData){0};
+  }
+
+  void *shader_obj          = g_repository.shaders[shader.id];
+  VertexShader *vertex_func = g_repository.vertex_funcs[shader.id];
+
+  if (!shader_obj || !vertex_func) {
+    return (VertexData){0};
+  }
+
+  return vertex_func(shader_obj, vert, index, model);
+}
+
+FragmentResult run_fragment_shader(ShaderID shader, const V3f *barycentric, const V4f *colour,
+                                   const Model *model) {
+  if (IS_INVALID_SHADER(shader) || shader.id > g_repository.count || !colour) {
+    return DISCARDED_FRAGMENT;
+  }
+
+  void *shader_obj              = g_repository.shaders[shader.id];
+  FragmentShader *fragment_func = g_repository.fragment_funcs[shader.id];
+
+  if (!shader_obj || !fragment_func) {
+    return DISCARDED_FRAGMENT;
+  }
+
+  return fragment_func(shader_obj, barycentric, colour, model);
+}

src/shader/shader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef SHADER_H
+#define SHADER_H
+
+#include "aliases.h"
+#include "obj.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+
+typedef struct shader_id ShaderID;
+struct shader_id {
+  u64 id;
+};
+
+typedef struct vertex_data VertexData;
+struct vertex_data {
+  V3f position;
+  V3f normal;
+  V2f uv;
+};
+
+typedef struct fragment_result FragmentResult;
+struct fragment_result {
+  V4f  colour;
+  bool discard;
+};
+
+#define INVALID_SHADER           ((ShaderID){0})
+#define IS_INVALID_SHADER(ID)    (ID.id == 0)
+#define DISCARDED_FRAGMENT       ((FragmentResult){.discard = true})
+#define DISCARD_FRAGMENT(RESULT) (RESULT.discard)
+
+typedef VertexData(VertexShader)(void *shader, const VertexData *vert, u8 index, const Model *model);
+typedef FragmentResult(FragmentShader)(void *shader, const V3f *barycentric, const V4f *colour,
+                                       const Model *model);
+
+ShaderID register_shader(void *shader, VertexShader *vertex, FragmentShader *fragment);
+VertexData run_vertex_shader(ShaderID shader, const VertexData *vert, u8 index, const Model *model);
+FragmentResult run_fragment_shader(ShaderID shader, const V3f *barycentric, const V4f *colour, const Model *model);
+
+#endif // SHADER_H

src/shader/shader_base.inc

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+V3f light_dir;
+V3f ambient;
+M4x4f proj_mv;
+M4x4f proj_mv_inv_t;
+M4x4f viewport;
+M4x4f final;
+M4x4f final_inv;
+VertexData vertices[TRIANGLE_VERTICES];

src/shader/shaders.c

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "shaders.h"
+#include "aliases.h"
+#include "shadow_shader.h"
+#include "main_shader.h"
+#include "render.h"
+#include "shader.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+
+ShaderID depth                = {0};
+ShaderID perspective_diffuse  = {0};
+ShaderID perspective_albedo   = {0};
+ShaderID orthographic_diffuse = {0};
+ShaderID orthographic_albedo  = {0};
+
+internal ShadowShader depth_shader = {0};
+internal Shader       perspective  = {0};
+internal Shader       orthographic = {0};
+
+internal V3f g_ambient_light = {0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f};
+internal V3f g_eye           = {0.2f, -0.1f, 0.5f};
+internal V3f g_target        = {0};
+internal V3f g_up            = {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f};
+internal V3f g_light_dir     = {1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f};
+
+internal M4x4f get_projection_matrix(ProjectionType projection_type);
+
+void load_shaders(M4x4f vp) {
+  // Set up depth shader matrices
+  M4x4f depth_model_view = lookat(g_light_dir, g_target, g_up);
+  M4x4f depth_projection = projection(0.0f);
+
+  // Set up depth shader
+  depth_shader.proj_mv       = mat4x4_mul(depth_projection, depth_model_view);
+  depth_shader.proj_mv_inv_t = mat4x4_inv(mat4x4_transpose(depth_shader.proj_mv));
+  depth_shader.viewport      = vp;
+  depth_shader.final         = mat4x4_mul(depth_shader.viewport, depth_shader.proj_mv);
+  depth_shader.light_dir     = mat3x3_mul_vec3(depth_shader.proj_mv, g_light_dir);
+  normalise_v3(depth_shader.light_dir);
+
+  // Set up main shader matrices
+  M4x4f model_view              = lookat(g_eye, g_target, g_up);
+  M4x4f orthographic_projection = get_projection_matrix(PROJECTION_TYPE_ORTHOGRAPHIC);
+  M4x4f perspective_projection  = get_projection_matrix(PROJECTION_TYPE_PERSPECTIVE);
+
+  // Set up perspective shader
+  perspective.proj_mv       = mat4x4_mul(perspective_projection, model_view);
+  perspective.proj_mv_inv_t = mat4x4_inv(mat4x4_transpose(perspective.proj_mv));
+  perspective.viewport      = vp;
+  perspective.final         = mat4x4_mul(perspective.viewport, perspective.proj_mv);
+  perspective.final_inv     = mat4x4_inv(perspective.final);
+  perspective.ambient       = g_ambient_light;
+  perspective.light_dir     = mat3x3_mul_vec3(perspective.proj_mv, g_light_dir);
+  normalise_v3(perspective.light_dir);
+  perspective.shadow_matrix = mat4x4_mul(depth_shader.final, perspective.final_inv);
+
+  // Set up orthographic shader
+  orthographic.proj_mv       = mat4x4_mul(orthographic_projection, model_view);
+  orthographic.proj_mv_inv_t = mat4x4_inv(mat4x4_transpose(orthographic.proj_mv));
+  orthographic.viewport      = vp;
+  orthographic.final         = mat4x4_mul(orthographic.viewport, orthographic.proj_mv);
+  orthographic.final_inv     = mat4x4_inv(perspective.final);
+  orthographic.shadow_matrix = mat4x4_mul(depth_shader.final, orthographic.final_inv);
+  orthographic.light_dir     = mat3x3_mul_vec3(orthographic.proj_mv, g_light_dir);
+  normalise_v3(orthographic.light_dir);
+  orthographic.ambient       = g_ambient_light;
+
+  // Register shaders
+  depth                = register_shader(&depth_shader, shadow_shader_vertex,  shadow_shader_fragment);
+  perspective_diffuse  = register_shader(&perspective,  general_shader_vertex, diffuse_shader_fragment);
+  perspective_albedo   = register_shader(&perspective,  general_shader_vertex, albedo_shader_fragment);
+  orthographic_diffuse = register_shader(&orthographic, general_shader_vertex, diffuse_shader_fragment);
+  orthographic_albedo  = register_shader(&orthographic, general_shader_vertex, albedo_shader_fragment);
+}
+
+internal M4x4f get_projection_matrix(ProjectionType projection_type) {
+  if (projection_type == PROJECTION_TYPE_PERSPECTIVE) {
+    V3f cam = V3(V3f, f32, g_target.x, g_target.y, g_target.z, g_eye.x, g_eye.y, g_eye.z);
+    normalise_v3(cam);
+
+    f32 coeff = -1.0f / magnitude_v3(cam) * 0.5f;
+
+    return projection(coeff);
+  }
+
+  return mat4x4_identity;
+}

src/shader/shaders.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef SHADERS_H
+#define SHADERS_H
+
+#include "shader.h"
+
+extern ShaderID depth;
+extern ShaderID perspective_diffuse;
+extern ShaderID perspective_albedo;
+extern ShaderID orthographic_diffuse;
+extern ShaderID orthographic_albedo;
+
+void load_shaders(M4x4f vp);
+
+#endif // SHADERS_H

src/shader/shadow_shader.c

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "shadow_shader.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "shader.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+VertexData shadow_shader_vertex(void *shader, const VertexData *vert, u8 index, const Model *model) {
+  ShadowShader *shdr = (ShadowShader *)shader;
+
+  V4f vh = V3_to_V4(vert->position);
+  vh.y   = 0.0 - vh.y;
+  vh     = mat4x4_mul_vec4(shdr->final, vh);
+
+  shdr->vertices[index].position = project_vec4(vh);
+
+  return shdr->vertices[index];
+}
+
+FragmentResult shadow_shader_fragment(void *shader, const V3f *barycentric, const V4f *colour,
+                                     const Model *model) {
+  ShadowShader *shdr = (ShadowShader *)shader;
+
+  M3x3f pos_mat = {.rows = {shdr->vertices[0].position, shdr->vertices[1].position, shdr->vertices[2].position}};
+  pos_mat       = mat3x3_transpose(pos_mat);
+  V3f position  = mat3x3_mul_vec3(pos_mat, (*barycentric));
+
+  f32 channel = clamp(position.z + DEPTH_MAX, 0.0f, DEPTH_MAX);
+  V4f output = {.r = channel, .g = channel, .b = channel, .a = 255};
+
+  return (FragmentResult){.colour = output};
+}

src/shader/shadow_shader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef SHADOW_SHADER_H
+#define SHADOW_SHADER_H
+
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "shader.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+
+typedef struct shadow_shader ShadowShader;
+struct shadow_shader {
+  #include "shader_base.inc"
+};
+
+VertexData     shadow_shader_vertex(void *shader, const VertexData *vert, u8 index, const Model *model);
+FragmentResult shadow_shader_fragment(void *shader, const V3f *barycentric, const V4f *colour,
+                                      const Model *model);
+
+#endif // !SHADOW_SHADER_H

src/str/str.c

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include "str.h"
+#include "aliases.h"
+#include "mem_arena.h"
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define CAPACITY_SCALAR 4
+
+Str8 str8(Arena *arena, char *str) {
+  if (!str) {
+    return (Str8){0};
+  }
+
+  u64 length = strlen(str);
+  Str8 output = {
+      .str      = str,
+      .length   = length,
+      .capacity = length,
+  };
+
+  if (arena) {
+    output.capacity *= CAPACITY_SCALAR;
+
+    output.str = wapp_mem_arena_alloc(arena, output.capacity);
+    if (!output.str) {
+      return (Str8){0};
+    }
+
+    strncpy(output.str, str, output.length);
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+Str8 str8_copy(Arena *arena, const Str8 *str) {
+  if (!arena) {
+    return str8_lit(str->str);
+  }
+
+  char *tmp = wapp_mem_arena_alloc(arena, str->capacity);
+  if (!tmp) {
+    return str8_lit(str->str);
+  }
+
+  strncpy(tmp, str->str, str->length);
+
+  return (Str8){
+      .str      = tmp,
+      .length   = str->length,
+      .capacity = str->capacity,
+  };
+}
+
+i32 str8_concat(Arena *arena, Str8 *dst, char *src) {
+  if (!src || !dst) {
+    return STR_OP_FAILED;
+  }
+
+  u64 src_length = strlen(src);
+  if (src_length + dst->length > dst->capacity) {
+    if (!arena) {
+      return STR_OP_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    u64 capacity = dst->capacity * CAPACITY_SCALAR + src_length;
+    char *str = wapp_mem_arena_alloc(arena, capacity);
+    if (!str) {
+      return STR_OP_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    strncpy(str, dst->str, dst->length);
+    strncpy(str + dst->length, src, src_length);
+
+    dst->str      = str;
+    dst->length   = dst->length + src_length;
+    dst->capacity = capacity;
+
+    return STR_OP_SUCEEDED;
+  }
+
+  strncpy(dst->str + dst->length, src, src_length);
+  return STR_OP_SUCEEDED;
+}
+
+Str8 str8_substr(Arena *arena, const Str8 *str, u64 start, u64 count) {
+  if (start > str->length || start + count > str->length) {
+    return (Str8){0};
+  }
+
+  Str8 tmp = {
+      .str      = str->str + start,
+      .length   = count,
+      .capacity = count,
+  };
+
+  return str8_copy(arena, &tmp);
+}

src/str/str.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef STR_H
+#define STR_H
+
+#include "aliases.h"
+#include "mem_arena.h"
+
+enum {
+  STR_OP_SUCEEDED,
+  STR_OP_FAILED,
+};
+
+typedef struct str8 Str8;
+struct str8 {
+  char *str;
+  u64  length;
+  u64  capacity;
+};
+
+#define str8_lit(STR) (str8(NULL, STR))
+
+Str8 str8(Arena *arena, char *str);
+Str8 str8_copy(Arena *arena, const Str8 *str);
+i32  str8_concat(Arena *arena, Str8 *dst, char *src);
+Str8 str8_substr(Arena *arena, const Str8 *str, u64 start, u64 count);
+
+#endif // !STR_H

src/tiny/tiny.c

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#include "img.h"
+#include "mem_arena.h"
+#include "misc_utils.h"
+#include "obj.h"
+#include "render.h"
+#include "shaders.h"
+#include "str.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#define IMAGE_DIMENSION 1200
+
+enum {
+  TINY_EXIT_SUCCESS,
+  TINY_EXIT_MISSING_ARGS,
+  TINY_EXIT_OBJ_NOT_EXIST,
+  TINY_EXIT_ARENA_INIT_FAILED,
+  TINY_EXIT_RENDER_INIT_FAILED,
+  TINY_EXIT_MODEL_LOAD_FAILED,
+};
+
+typedef struct tiny_args TinyArgs;
+struct tiny_args {
+  Str8 obj;
+  Str8 diffuse;
+  Str8 tangent;
+};
+
+internal TinyArgs parse_args(Arena *arena, int argc, char *argv[]);
+internal i32      tinyrenderer(Arena *arena, TinyArgs args);
+internal bool     file_exists(const Str8 *path);
+
+i32 tiny_main(i32 argc, char *argv[]) {
+  Arena *arena = NULL;
+  if (!wapp_mem_arena_init(&arena, GB(10))) {
+    return TINY_EXIT_ARENA_INIT_FAILED;
+  }
+
+  TinyArgs args   = parse_args(arena, argc, argv);
+  i32      output = tinyrenderer(arena, args);
+
+  wapp_mem_arena_destroy(&arena);
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+internal TinyArgs parse_args(Arena *arena, int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  if (argc < 2) {
+    exit(TINY_EXIT_MISSING_ARGS);
+  }
+
+  TinyArgs args = {
+      .obj = str8_lit(argv[1]),
+  };
+
+  if (!file_exists(&args.obj)) {
+    exit(TINY_EXIT_OBJ_NOT_EXIST);
+  }
+
+  u64 substr_end = args.obj.length - 4;
+
+  args.diffuse = str8_substr(arena, &args.obj, 0, substr_end);
+  str8_concat(arena, &args.diffuse, "_diffuse.pnm");
+  if (!file_exists(&args.diffuse)) {
+    args.diffuse = (Str8){0};
+  }
+
+  args.tangent = str8_substr(arena, &args.obj, 0, substr_end);
+  str8_concat(arena, &args.tangent, "_tangent.pnm");
+  if (!file_exists(&args.tangent)) {
+    args.tangent = (Str8){0};
+  }
+
+  return args;
+}
+
+internal i32 tinyrenderer(Arena *arena, TinyArgs args) {
+  Colour bg          = {.r = 42, .g = 45,  .b = 52,  .a = 255};
+  Colour main_colour = {.r = 14, .g = 156, .b = 208, .a = 255};
+
+  Render *shadowbuffer = &(g_render_passes[RENDER_PASS_SHADOW]);
+  Render *framebuffer  = &(g_render_passes[RENDER_PASS_MAIN]);
+  if (!init_render(arena, shadowbuffer, IMAGE_DIMENSION, IMAGE_DIMENSION) ||
+      !init_render(arena, framebuffer,  IMAGE_DIMENSION, IMAGE_DIMENSION)) {
+    return TINY_EXIT_RENDER_INIT_FAILED;
+  }
+
+  const char *diffuse = args.diffuse.length > 0 ? args.diffuse.str : NULL;
+  const char *tangent = args.tangent.length > 0 ? args.tangent.str : NULL;
+
+  Model obj = load_obj_file(arena, args.obj.str, diffuse, tangent);
+  if (IS_INVALID_MODEL(obj)) {
+    return TINY_EXIT_MODEL_LOAD_FAILED;
+  }
+
+  load_shaders(viewport(0, 0, IMAGE_DIMENSION, IMAGE_DIMENSION));
+
+  clear_buffer(&(framebuffer->img), &bg);
+
+  render_model(&obj, shadowbuffer, depth,               RENDER_TYPE_SHADED, main_colour);
+  render_model(&obj, framebuffer,  perspective_diffuse, RENDER_TYPE_SHADED, main_colour);
+
+  save_image(&(framebuffer->img), "result.pam");
+
+  return TINY_EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+internal bool file_exists(const Str8 *path) {
+  struct stat st;
+  return stat(path->str, &st) == 0;
+}

src/tiny/tiny.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef TINY_H
+#define TINY_H
+
+#include "aliases.h"
+
+i32 tiny_main(i32 argc, char *argv[]);
+
+#endif // !TINY_H

src/utils/utils.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define UTILS_H
 
 #include "aliases.h"
+
 #define swap(T, v0, v1)                                                        \
   do {                                                                         \
     T tmp = v0;                                                                \

src/vec/vec.c

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#include "vec.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+
+M4x4f lookat(V3f eye, V3f target, V3f up) {
+  V3f z = V3(V3f, f32, target.x, target.y, target.z, eye.x, eye.y, eye.z);
+  normalise_v3(z);
+  V3f x = cross_product(up, z);
+  normalise_v3(x);
+  V3f y = cross_product(z, x);
+  normalise_v3(y);
+
+  M4x4f rotation = mat4x4_identity;
+  rotation.row0.x = x.x;
+  rotation.row0.y = x.y;
+  rotation.row0.z = x.z;
+  rotation.row1.x = y.x;
+  rotation.row1.y = y.y;
+  rotation.row1.z = y.z;
+  rotation.row2.x = z.x;
+  rotation.row2.y = z.y;
+  rotation.row2.z = z.z;
+
+  M4x4f translation = mat4x4_identity;
+  translation.row0.w = -(eye.x);
+  translation.row1.w = -(eye.y);
+  translation.row2.w = -(eye.z);
+
+  return mat4x4_mul(rotation, translation);
+}
+
+M4x4f projection(f32 coeff) {
+  return (M4x4f){
+    .row0 = {1.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f},
+    .row1 = {0.0f, 1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f},
+    .row2 = {0.0f, 0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f},
+    .row3 = {0.0f, 0.0f, coeff, 1.0f},
+  };
+}
+
+M4x4f viewport(f32 x, f32 y, u64 w, u64 h) {
+  M4x4f output = mat4x4_identity;
+
+  f32 half_width = (f32)w * 0.5f;
+  f32 half_height = (f32)h * 0.5f;
+  f32 half_depth = (f32)DEPTH_MAX * 0.5f;
+
+  output.row0.x = half_width;
+  output.row0.w = x + half_width;
+  output.row1.y = half_height;
+  output.row1.w = y + half_height;
+  output.row2.z = output.row2.w = half_depth;
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+M3x3f mat3x3_inv(M3x3f matrix) {
+  M3x3f dest = {0};
+  float det;
+
+  float a = matrix.rows[0].elements[0], b = matrix.rows[0].elements[1],
+        c = matrix.rows[0].elements[2], d = matrix.rows[1].elements[0],
+        e = matrix.rows[1].elements[1], f = matrix.rows[1].elements[2],
+        g = matrix.rows[2].elements[0], h = matrix.rows[2].elements[1],
+        i = matrix.rows[2].elements[2];
+
+  dest.rows[0].elements[0] = e * i - f * h;
+  dest.rows[0].elements[1] = -(b * i - h * c);
+  dest.rows[0].elements[2] = b * f - e * c;
+  dest.rows[1].elements[0] = -(d * i - g * f);
+  dest.rows[1].elements[1] = a * i - c * g;
+  dest.rows[1].elements[2] = -(a * f - d * c);
+  dest.rows[2].elements[0] = d * h - g * e;
+  dest.rows[2].elements[1] = -(a * h - g * b);
+  dest.rows[2].elements[2] = a * e - b * d;
+
+  det = 1.0f / (a * dest.rows[0].elements[0] + b * dest.rows[1].elements[0] +
+                c * dest.rows[2].elements[0]);
+
+  dest.rows[0].elements[0] *= det;
+  dest.rows[0].elements[1] *= det;
+  dest.rows[0].elements[2] *= det;
+  dest.rows[1].elements[0] *= det;
+  dest.rows[1].elements[1] *= det;
+  dest.rows[1].elements[2] *= det;
+  dest.rows[2].elements[0] *= det;
+  dest.rows[2].elements[1] *= det;
+  dest.rows[2].elements[2] *= det;
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+M4x4f mat4x4_inv(M4x4f matrix) {
+  f32 mat[4][4] = mat4x4_to_array(matrix);
+  f32 dest[4][4] = {0};
+
+  f32 t[6];
+  f32 det;
+  f32 a = mat[0][0], b = mat[0][1], c = mat[0][2], d = mat[0][3], e = mat[1][0],
+      f = mat[1][1], g = mat[1][2], h = mat[1][3], i = mat[2][0], j = mat[2][1],
+      k = mat[2][2], l = mat[2][3], m = mat[3][0], n = mat[3][1], o = mat[3][2],
+      p = mat[3][3];
+
+  t[0] = k * p - o * l;
+  t[1] = j * p - n * l;
+  t[2] = j * o - n * k;
+  t[3] = i * p - m * l;
+  t[4] = i * o - m * k;
+  t[5] = i * n - m * j;
+
+  dest[0][0] = f * t[0] - g * t[1] + h * t[2];
+  dest[1][0] = -(e * t[0] - g * t[3] + h * t[4]);
+  dest[2][0] = e * t[1] - f * t[3] + h * t[5];
+  dest[3][0] = -(e * t[2] - f * t[4] + g * t[5]);
+
+  dest[0][1] = -(b * t[0] - c * t[1] + d * t[2]);
+  dest[1][1] = a * t[0] - c * t[3] + d * t[4];
+  dest[2][1] = -(a * t[1] - b * t[3] + d * t[5]);
+  dest[3][1] = a * t[2] - b * t[4] + c * t[5];
+
+  t[0] = g * p - o * h;
+  t[1] = f * p - n * h;
+  t[2] = f * o - n * g;
+  t[3] = e * p - m * h;
+  t[4] = e * o - m * g;
+  t[5] = e * n - m * f;
+
+  dest[0][2] = b * t[0] - c * t[1] + d * t[2];
+  dest[1][2] = -(a * t[0] - c * t[3] + d * t[4]);
+  dest[2][2] = a * t[1] - b * t[3] + d * t[5];
+  dest[3][2] = -(a * t[2] - b * t[4] + c * t[5]);
+
+  t[0] = g * l - k * h;
+  t[1] = f * l - j * h;
+  t[2] = f * k - j * g;
+  t[3] = e * l - i * h;
+  t[4] = e * k - i * g;
+  t[5] = e * j - i * f;
+
+  dest[0][3] = -(b * t[0] - c * t[1] + d * t[2]);
+  dest[1][3] = a * t[0] - c * t[3] + d * t[4];
+  dest[2][3] = -(a * t[1] - b * t[3] + d * t[5]);
+  dest[3][3] = a * t[2] - b * t[4] + c * t[5];
+
+  det = 1.0f /
+        (a * dest[0][0] + b * dest[1][0] + c * dest[2][0] + d * dest[3][0]);
+
+  dest[0][0] *= det;
+  dest[0][1] *= det;
+  dest[0][2] *= det;
+  dest[0][3] *= det;
+  dest[1][0] *= det;
+  dest[1][1] *= det;
+  dest[1][2] *= det;
+  dest[1][3] *= det;
+  dest[2][0] *= det;
+  dest[2][1] *= det;
+  dest[2][2] *= det;
+  dest[2][3] *= det;
+  dest[3][0] *= det;
+  dest[3][1] *= det;
+  dest[3][2] *= det;
+  dest[3][3] *= det;
+
+  return array_to_mat4x4(dest);
+}

src/vec/vec.h

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+#ifndef VEC_H
+#define VEC_H
+
+#include "aliases.h"
+#include "typed_list.h"
+#include <math.h>
+
+typedef struct i64x2 V2i;
+struct i64x2 {
+  i64 x;
+  i64 y;
+};
+
+typedef struct u64x2 V2u;
+struct u64x2 {
+  u64 x;
+  u64 y;
+};
+
+typedef union f32x2 V2f;
+union f32x2 {
+  f32 elements[2];
+  struct {
+    union {
+      f32 x;
+      f32 u;
+    };
+    union {
+      f32 y;
+      f32 v;
+    };
+  };
+};
+
+typedef union f32x3 V3f;
+union f32x3 {
+  f32 elements[3];
+  struct {
+    union {
+      f32 x;
+      f32 r;
+    };
+    union {
+      f32 y;
+      f32 g;
+    };
+    union {
+      f32 z;
+      f32 b;
+    };
+  };
+};
+
+typedef union f32x4 V4f;
+union f32x4 {
+  f32 elements[4];
+  struct {
+    union {
+      f32 x;
+      f32 r;
+    };
+    union {
+      f32 y;
+      f32 g;
+    };
+    union {
+      f32 z;
+      f32 b;
+    };
+    union {
+      f32 w;
+      f32 a;
+    };
+  };
+};
+
+typedef struct u64x3 V3u;
+struct u64x3 {
+  u64 x;
+  u64 y;
+  u64 z;
+};
+
+typedef union f32_3x2 M3x2f;
+union f32_3x2 {
+  V2f rows[3];
+  struct {
+    V2f row0;
+    V2f row1;
+    V2f row2;
+  };
+};
+
+typedef union f32_2x3 M2x3f;
+union f32_2x3 {
+  V3f rows[2];
+  struct {
+    V3f row0;
+    V3f row1;
+  };
+};
+
+typedef union f32_3x3 M3x3f;
+union f32_3x3 {
+  V3f rows[3];
+  struct {
+    V3f row0;
+    V3f row1;
+    V3f row2;
+  };
+};
+
+typedef union f32_4x4 M4x4f;
+union f32_4x4 {
+  V4f rows[4];
+  struct {
+    V4f row0;
+    V4f row1;
+    V4f row2;
+    V4f row3;
+  };
+};
+
+MAKE_LIST_TYPE(V3f);
+MAKE_LIST_TYPE(V2f);
+
+#define V2(T, ELEM_T, X0, Y0, X1, Y1)                                          \
+  ((T){(ELEM_T)X1 - (ELEM_T)X0, (ELEM_T)Y1 - (ELEM_T)Y0})
+
+#define V3(T, ELEM_T, X0, Y0, Z0, X1, Y1, Z1)                                  \
+  ((T){(ELEM_T)X1 - (ELEM_T)X0, (ELEM_T)Y1 - (ELEM_T)Y0,                       \
+       (ELEM_T)Z1 - (ELEM_T)Z0})
+
+#define V3_to_V4(V3) ((V4f){.x = V3.x, .y = V3.y, .z = V3.z, .w = 1.0f})
+
+#define dot_v2(V1, V2) ((f32)V1.x * (f32)V2.x + (f32)V1.y * (f32)V2.y)
+
+#define add_v2(V1, V2)                                                         \
+  ((V2f){                                                                      \
+      .x = V1.x + V2.x,                                                        \
+      .y = V1.y + V2.y,                                                        \
+  })
+
+#define sub_v2(V1, V2)                                                         \
+  ((V2f){                                                                      \
+      .x = V1.x - V2.x,                                                        \
+      .y = V1.y - V2.y,                                                        \
+  })
+
+#define mul_v2(V1, V2)                                                         \
+  ((V2f){                                                                      \
+      .x = V1.x * V2.x,                                                        \
+      .y = V1.y * V2.y,                                                        \
+  })
+
+#define num_mul_v2(V, N) ((V2f){.x = (N) * V.x, .y = (N) * V.y})
+
+#define magnitude_v2(V) (sqrtf(dot_v2(V, V)))
+
+#define normalise_v2(V)                                                        \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    f32 magnitude = magnitude_v2(V);                                           \
+    V.x /= magnitude;                                                          \
+    V.y /= magnitude;                                                          \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define dot_v3(V1, V2)                                                         \
+  ((f32)V1.x * (f32)V2.x + (f32)V1.y * (f32)V2.y + (f32)V1.z * (f32)V2.z)
+
+#define add_v3(V1, V2)                                                         \
+  ((V3f){                                                                      \
+      .x = V1.x + V2.x,                                                        \
+      .y = V1.y + V2.y,                                                        \
+      .z = V1.z + V2.z,                                                        \
+  })
+
+#define sub_v3(V1, V2)                                                         \
+  ((V3f){                                                                      \
+      .x = V1.x - V2.x,                                                        \
+      .y = V1.y - V2.y,                                                        \
+      .z = V1.z - V2.z,                                                        \
+  })
+
+#define mul_v3(V1, V2)                                                         \
+  ((V3f){                                                                      \
+      .x = V1.x * V2.x,                                                        \
+      .y = V1.y * V2.y,                                                        \
+      .z = V1.z * V2.z,                                                        \
+  })
+
+#define num_mul_v3(V, N) ((V3f){.x = (N) * V.x, .y = (N) * V.y, .z = (N) * V.z})
+
+#define num_div_v3(V, N) ((V3f){.x = V.x / (N), .y = V.y / (N), .z = V.z / (N)})
+
+#define magnitude_v3(V) (sqrtf(dot_v3(V, V)))
+
+#define normalise_v3(V)                                                        \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    f32 magnitude = magnitude_v3(V);                                           \
+    V.x /= magnitude;                                                          \
+    V.y /= magnitude;                                                          \
+    V.z /= magnitude;                                                          \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define cross_product(V1, V2)                                                  \
+  ((V3f){                                                                      \
+      .x = V1.y * V2.z - V1.z * V2.y,                                          \
+      .y = V1.z * V2.x - V1.x * V2.z,                                          \
+      .z = V1.x * V2.y - V1.y * V2.x,                                          \
+  })
+
+#define mat3x2_transpose(MAT)                                                  \
+  ((M2x3f){                                                                    \
+      .row0 = {.x = MAT.row0.x, .y = MAT.row1.x, .z = MAT.row2.x},             \
+      .row1 = {.x = MAT.row0.y, .y = MAT.row1.y, .z = MAT.row2.y},             \
+  })
+
+#define mat2x3_mul_vec3(MAT, V)                                                \
+  ((V2f){                                                                      \
+      .elements[0] = dot_v3(MAT.rows[0], V),                                   \
+      .elements[1] = dot_v3(MAT.rows[1], V),                                   \
+  })
+
+#define mat3x3_transpose(MAT)                                                  \
+  ((M3x3f){                                                                    \
+      .row0 = {.x = MAT.row0.x, .y = MAT.row1.x, .z = MAT.row2.x},             \
+      .row1 = {.x = MAT.row0.y, .y = MAT.row1.y, .z = MAT.row2.y},             \
+      .row2 = {.x = MAT.row0.z, .y = MAT.row1.z, .z = MAT.row2.z},             \
+  })
+
+#define mat3x3_mul_vec3(MAT, V)                                                \
+  ((V3f){                                                                      \
+      .elements[0] = dot_v3(MAT.rows[0], V),                                   \
+      .elements[1] = dot_v3(MAT.rows[1], V),                                   \
+      .elements[2] = dot_v3(MAT.rows[2], V),                                   \
+  })
+
+#define mat4x4_identity                                                        \
+  ((M4x4f){                                                                    \
+      .row0 = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},                                        \
+      .row1 = {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},                                        \
+      .row2 = {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f},                                        \
+      .row3 = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},                                        \
+  })
+
+#define mat4x4_to_array(MAT)                                                   \
+  ((f32[4][4]){                                                                \
+      {MAT.row0.x, MAT.row0.y, MAT.row0.z, MAT.row0.w},                        \
+      {MAT.row1.x, MAT.row1.y, MAT.row1.z, MAT.row1.w},                        \
+      {MAT.row2.x, MAT.row2.y, MAT.row2.z, MAT.row2.w},                        \
+      {MAT.row3.x, MAT.row3.y, MAT.row3.z, MAT.row3.w},                        \
+  })
+
+#define array_to_mat4x4(arr)                                                   \
+  ((M4x4f){                                                                    \
+      .row0 = {arr[0][0], arr[0][1], arr[0][2], arr[0][3]},                    \
+      .row1 = {arr[1][0], arr[1][1], arr[1][2], arr[1][3]},                    \
+      .row2 = {arr[2][0], arr[2][1], arr[2][2], arr[2][3]},                    \
+      .row3 = {arr[3][0], arr[3][1], arr[3][2], arr[3][3]},                    \
+  })
+
+#define mat4x4_transpose(MAT)                                                  \
+  ((M4x4f){                                                                    \
+      .row0 = {.x = MAT.row0.x,                                                \
+               .y = MAT.row1.x,                                                \
+               .z = MAT.row2.x,                                                \
+               .w = MAT.row3.x},                                               \
+      .row1 = {.x = MAT.row0.y,                                                \
+               .y = MAT.row1.y,                                                \
+               .z = MAT.row2.y,                                                \
+               .w = MAT.row3.y},                                               \
+      .row2 = {.x = MAT.row0.z,                                                \
+               .y = MAT.row1.z,                                                \
+               .z = MAT.row2.z,                                                \
+               .w = MAT.row3.z},                                               \
+      .row3 = {.x = MAT.row0.w,                                                \
+               .y = MAT.row1.w,                                                \
+               .z = MAT.row2.w,                                                \
+               .w = MAT.row3.w},                                               \
+  })
+
+#define mat4x4_mul(MAT1, MAT2)                                                 \
+  ((M4x4f){                                                                    \
+      .row0.x = MAT1.row0.x * MAT2.row0.x + MAT1.row0.y * MAT2.row1.x +        \
+                MAT1.row0.z * MAT2.row2.x + MAT1.row0.w * MAT2.row3.x,         \
+      .row0.y = MAT1.row0.x * MAT2.row0.y + MAT1.row0.y * MAT2.row1.y +        \
+                MAT1.row0.z * MAT2.row2.y + MAT1.row0.w * MAT2.row3.y,         \
+      .row0.z = MAT1.row0.x * MAT2.row0.z + MAT1.row0.y * MAT2.row1.z +        \
+                MAT1.row0.z * MAT2.row2.z + MAT1.row0.w * MAT2.row3.z,         \
+      .row0.w = MAT1.row0.x * MAT2.row0.w + MAT1.row0.y * MAT2.row1.w +        \
+                MAT1.row0.z * MAT2.row2.w + MAT1.row0.w * MAT2.row3.w,         \
+      .row1.x = MAT1.row1.x * MAT2.row0.x + MAT1.row1.y * MAT2.row1.x +        \
+                MAT1.row1.z * MAT2.row2.x + MAT1.row1.w * MAT2.row3.x,         \
+      .row1.y = MAT1.row1.x * MAT2.row0.y + MAT1.row1.y * MAT2.row1.y +        \
+                MAT1.row1.z * MAT2.row2.y + MAT1.row1.w * MAT2.row3.y,         \
+      .row1.z = MAT1.row1.x * MAT2.row0.z + MAT1.row1.y * MAT2.row1.z +        \
+                MAT1.row1.z * MAT2.row2.z + MAT1.row1.w * MAT2.row3.z,         \
+      .row1.w = MAT1.row1.x * MAT2.row0.w + MAT1.row1.y * MAT2.row1.w +        \
+                MAT1.row1.z * MAT2.row2.w + MAT1.row1.w * MAT2.row3.w,         \
+      .row2.x = MAT1.row2.x * MAT2.row0.x + MAT1.row2.y * MAT2.row1.x +        \
+                MAT1.row2.z * MAT2.row2.x + MAT1.row2.w * MAT2.row3.x,         \
+      .row2.y = MAT1.row2.x * MAT2.row0.y + MAT1.row2.y * MAT2.row1.y +        \
+                MAT1.row2.z * MAT2.row2.y + MAT1.row2.w * MAT2.row3.y,         \
+      .row2.z = MAT1.row2.x * MAT2.row0.z + MAT1.row2.y * MAT2.row1.z +        \
+                MAT1.row2.z * MAT2.row2.z + MAT1.row2.w * MAT2.row3.z,         \
+      .row2.w = MAT1.row2.x * MAT2.row0.w + MAT1.row2.y * MAT2.row1.w +        \
+                MAT1.row2.z * MAT2.row2.w + MAT1.row2.w * MAT2.row3.w,         \
+      .row3.x = MAT1.row3.x * MAT2.row0.x + MAT1.row3.y * MAT2.row1.x +        \
+                MAT1.row3.z * MAT2.row2.x + MAT1.row3.w * MAT2.row3.x,         \
+      .row3.y = MAT1.row3.x * MAT2.row0.y + MAT1.row3.y * MAT2.row1.y +        \
+                MAT1.row3.z * MAT2.row2.y + MAT1.row3.w * MAT2.row3.y,         \
+      .row3.z = MAT1.row3.x * MAT2.row0.z + MAT1.row3.y * MAT2.row1.z +        \
+                MAT1.row3.z * MAT2.row2.z + MAT1.row3.w * MAT2.row3.z,         \
+      .row3.w = MAT1.row3.x * MAT2.row0.w + MAT1.row3.y * MAT2.row1.w +        \
+                MAT1.row3.z * MAT2.row2.w + MAT1.row3.w * MAT2.row3.w,         \
+  })
+
+#define mat4x4_mul_vec4(MAT, V)                                                \
+  ((V4f){                                                                      \
+      .x = MAT.row0.x * V.x + MAT.row0.y * V.y + MAT.row0.z * V.z +            \
+           MAT.row0.w * V.w,                                                   \
+      .y = MAT.row1.x * V.x + MAT.row1.y * V.y + MAT.row1.z * V.z +            \
+           MAT.row1.w * V.w,                                                   \
+      .z = MAT.row2.x * V.x + MAT.row2.y * V.y + MAT.row2.z * V.z +            \
+           MAT.row2.w * V.w,                                                   \
+      .w = MAT.row3.x * V.x + MAT.row3.y * V.y + MAT.row3.z * V.z +            \
+           MAT.row3.w * V.w,                                                   \
+  })
+
+#define project_vec4(V) ((V3f){.x = V.x / V.w, .y = V.y / V.w, .z = V.z / V.w})
+
+#define mat_access(MAT, i, j) (MAT.rows[i].elements[j])
+
+M4x4f lookat(V3f eye, V3f target, V3f up);
+M4x4f projection(f32 coeff);
+M4x4f viewport(f32 x, f32 y, u64 w, u64 h);
+M3x3f mat3x3_inv(M3x3f matrix);
+M4x4f mat4x4_inv(M4x4f matrix);
+
+#endif // VEC_H